Merge pull request #812 from Jeehay28/main

[Jeehay28] Week 4

coin-change/Jeehay28.js

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+/**
+ * @param {number[]} coins
+ * @param {number} amount
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+
+// TC : O(c*a), where c is the number of coins, and a is amount
+// SC : O(a) // dp array requires O(a) space
+
+var coinChange = function (coins, amount) {
+  // dynamic programming approach
+
+  // dp[amount] : the minimum number of coins
+  // as a default, dp[0] = 0, for other amounts, dp[amount] = amount + 1 ()
+  // [0, amount+1, amount+1, ...]
+  const dp = [0, ...new Array(amount).fill(amount + 1)];
+
+  // start from coin because i - coin >= 0
+  for (const coin of coins) {
+    for (let i = coin; i <= amount; i++) {
+      // dp[i] : not using the current coin
+      // dp[i - coin] + 1 : using the current coin
+      dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - coin] + 1, dp[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // dp[amount] === amount + 1 : that amount of money cannot be made up by any combination of the coins
+  return dp[amount] < amount + 1 ? dp[amount] : -1;
+};
+
+

merge-two-sorted-lists/Jeehay28.js

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+/**
+ * Definition for singly-linked list.
+ * function ListNode(val, next) {
+ *     this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
+ *     this.next = (next===undefined ? null : next)
+ * }
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {ListNode} list1
+ * @param {ListNode} list2
+ * @return {ListNode}
+ */
+
+// Time Complexity: O(m + n)
+// Space Complexity: O(m + n)  
+
+var mergeTwoLists = function(list1, list2) {
+
+
+    if(!(list1 && list2)) {
+        return list1 || list2;
+    }
+
+    if(list1.val < list2.val) {
+        list1.next = mergeTwoLists(list1.next, list2);
+        return list1;
+    } else {
+        list2.next = mergeTwoLists(list1, list2.next);
+        return list2;
+    }
+
+};
+
+

missing-number/Jeehay28.js

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+/**
+ * @param {number[]} nums
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+
+// *** Guided approach 2: bitwise operations and avoids potential overflow issues with very large sums
+// XOR method
+// Time complexity: O(n)(two loops: one for numbers 0 to n  and one for array elements)
+// Space complexity: O(1)
+
+var missingNumber = function (nums) {
+  // XOR with itself results in 0 : a xor a = 0
+  // XOR with 0 results in the number itself : a xor 0 = a
+  // XOR is commutative and associative
+
+  const n = nums.length;
+
+  let xor = 0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
+    xor ^= i;
+  }
+
+  for (any of nums) {
+    xor ^= any;
+  }
+
+  return xor;
+};
+
+// *** Guided approach 1: simplicity and clarity
+// Gauss' Formula (Sum of First n Numbers): n*(n+1) / 2
+// Time complexity: O(n)
+// Space complexity: O(1)
+// var missingNumber = function (nums) {
+//   const n = nums.length;
+//   const expectedSum = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;
+//   const actualSum = nums.reduce((acc, cur) => acc + cur, 0); // O(n)
+
+//   const missingNum = expectedSum - actualSum;
+
+//   return missingNum;
+// };
+
+// *** My own approach
+// Time complexity: O(n^2)
+// Space complexity: O(n)
+// var missingNumber = function (nums) {
+
+//     let distinctNums = new Set([]);
+
+//     for (any of nums) {
+//         if (distinctNums.has(any)) {
+//             return
+//         } else {
+//             distinctNums.add(any)
+//         }
+//     }
+
+//     const n = distinctNums.size;
+
+//     for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
+//         if (!nums.includes(i)) {
+//             return i;
+//         }
+//     }
+
+// };

palindromic-substrings/Jeehay28.js

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+/**
+ * @param {string} s
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+
+// TC : O(n^2)
+// SC : O(1)
+
+var countSubstrings = function (s) {
+  // For each character in the string, treat it as the center of a potential palindrome.
+
+  // 'Count Palindromic Substrings' helper function
+  const countPS = (left, right) => {
+    let cnt = 0;
+    while (left >= 0 && right < s.length && s[left] === s[right]) {
+      cnt += 1;
+      left -= 1;
+      right += 1;
+    }
+    return cnt;
+  };
+
+  let totCnt = 0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
+    // left === right : 1 center point, odd-length palindromic
+    totCnt += countPS(i, i);
+
+    // left !== right : 2 center points, even-length palindromic
+    totCnt += countPS(i, i + 1);
+  }
+
+  return totCnt;
+};
+
+
+

word-search/Jeehay28.js

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+/**
+ * @param {character[][]} board
+ * @param {string} word
+ * @return {boolean}
+ */
+
+// board(N * M), where N is the number of row and M is the number of columns
+// L, the length of the word
+// TC : O(N * M * 4^L)
+
+// recursion depth : the length of the word (L)
+// each recursion call requires constant space.
+// SC : O(L)
+
+var exist = function (board, word) {
+  let row = board.length;
+  let col = board[0].length;
+
+  const dfs = (r, c, idx) => {
+    // search done
+    if (idx === word.length) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // row and column are out of range
+    if (r < 0 || r >= row || c < 0 || c >= col) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (board[r][c] !== word[idx]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // word[idx] === board[r][c]
+    // continue searching for word[idx + 1] in adjacent cells on the board
+    const temp = board[r][c];
+    board[r][c] = "visited";
+
+    const arr = [
+      [1, 0], // Move down
+      [-1, 0], // Move up
+      [0, 1], // Move right
+      [0, -1], // Move left
+    ];
+    for (const [up, right] of arr) {
+      if (dfs(r + up, c + right, idx + 1)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    board[r][c] = temp;
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < row; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < col; j++) {
+      if (dfs(i, j, 0)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+
+