diff --git a/icu4c/source/i18n/calendar.cpp b/icu4c/source/i18n/calendar.cpp
index 659c91b86a64..8408cbfee88c 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/i18n/calendar.cpp
+++ b/icu4c/source/i18n/calendar.cpp
@@ -3078,7 +3078,10 @@ void Calendar::computeTime(UErrorCode& status) {
     }
 
     // Compute the Julian day
-    int32_t julianDay = computeJulianDay();
+    int32_t julianDay = computeJulianDay(status);
+    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
+        return;
+    }
 
     double millis = Grego::julianDayToMillis(julianDay);
 
@@ -3309,7 +3312,7 @@ int32_t Calendar::computeZoneOffset(double millis, double millisInDay, UErrorCod
     return rawOffset + dstOffset;
 }
 
-int32_t Calendar::computeJulianDay()
+int32_t Calendar::computeJulianDay(UErrorCode &status)
 {
     // We want to see if any of the date fields is newer than the
     // JULIAN_DAY.  If not, then we use JULIAN_DAY.  If so, then we do
@@ -3333,12 +3336,15 @@ int32_t Calendar::computeJulianDay()
         bestField = UCAL_DAY_OF_MONTH;
     }
 
-    return handleComputeJulianDay(bestField);
+    return handleComputeJulianDay(bestField, status);
 }
 
 // -------------------------------------------
 
-int32_t Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField)  {
+int32_t Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField, UErrorCode &status)  {
+    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
+       return 0;
+    }
     UBool useMonth = (bestField == UCAL_DAY_OF_MONTH ||
         bestField == UCAL_WEEK_OF_MONTH ||
         bestField == UCAL_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH);
@@ -3351,6 +3357,12 @@ int32_t Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField)  {
     }
 
     internalSet(UCAL_EXTENDED_YEAR, year);
+    // Return U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR if year is too large that may cuase int32_t overflow
+    // later.
+    if (year > INT32_MAX / 400) {
+        status = U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+    }
 
 #if defined (U_DEBUG_CAL)
     fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: bestField= %s - y=%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, fldName(bestField), year);
diff --git a/icu4c/source/i18n/gregocal.cpp b/icu4c/source/i18n/gregocal.cpp
index ec14abbbf10c..201b3a4d88fa 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/i18n/gregocal.cpp
+++ b/icu4c/source/i18n/gregocal.cpp
@@ -472,17 +472,20 @@ GregorianCalendar::isLeapYear(int32_t year) const
 
 // -------------------------------------
 
-int32_t GregorianCalendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField) 
+int32_t GregorianCalendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField, UErrorCode& status)
 {
     fInvertGregorian = false;
 
-    int32_t jd = Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField);
+    int32_t jd = Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField, status);
+    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
     if((bestField == UCAL_WEEK_OF_YEAR) &&  // if we are doing WOY calculations, we are counting relative to Jan 1 *julian*
         (internalGet(UCAL_EXTENDED_YEAR)==fGregorianCutoverYear) && 
         jd >= fCutoverJulianDay) { 
             fInvertGregorian = true;  // So that the Julian Jan 1 will be used in handleComputeMonthStart
-            return Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField);
+            return Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField, status);
         }
 
 
@@ -495,7 +498,10 @@ int32_t GregorianCalendar::handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField)
                 __FILE__, __LINE__, jd);
 #endif
             fInvertGregorian = true;
-            jd = Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField);
+            jd = Calendar::handleComputeJulianDay(bestField, status);
+            if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
+                return 0;
+            }
 #if defined (U_DEBUG_CAL)
             fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:  fIsGregorian %s, fInvertGregorian %s - ", 
                 __FILE__, __LINE__,fIsGregorian?"T":"F", fInvertGregorian?"T":"F");
diff --git a/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/calendar.h b/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/calendar.h
index 31851d666b34..c0364e68f31a 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/calendar.h
+++ b/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/calendar.h
@@ -1704,10 +1704,11 @@ class U_I18N_API Calendar : public UObject {
      * handleGetMonthLength() to obtain the calendar-specific month
      * length.
      * @param bestField which field to use to calculate the date
+     * @param status        ICU Error Code
      * @return julian day specified by calendar fields.
      * @internal
      */
-    virtual int32_t handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField);
+    virtual int32_t handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField, UErrorCode &status);
 
     /**
      * Subclasses must override this to convert from week fields
@@ -1731,10 +1732,11 @@ class U_I18N_API Calendar : public UObject {
     /**
      * Compute the Julian day from fields.  Will determine whether to use
      * the JULIAN_DAY field directly, or other fields.
+     * @param status        ICU Error Code
      * @return the julian day
      * @internal
      */
-    int32_t computeJulianDay();
+    int32_t computeJulianDay(UErrorCode &status);
 
     /**
      * Compute the milliseconds in the day from the fields.  This is a
diff --git a/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/gregocal.h b/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/gregocal.h
index ab5a9c15716b..20072303a676 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/gregocal.h
+++ b/icu4c/source/i18n/unicode/gregocal.h
@@ -495,10 +495,11 @@ class U_I18N_API GregorianCalendar: public Calendar {
      * handleGetMonthLength() to obtain the calendar-specific month
      * length.
      * @param bestField which field to use to calculate the date 
+     * @param status Fill-in parameter which receives the status of this operation.
      * @return julian day specified by calendar fields.
      * @internal
      */
-    virtual int32_t handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField) override;
+    virtual int32_t handleComputeJulianDay(UCalendarDateFields bestField, UErrorCode& status) override;
 
     /**
      * Return the number of days in the given month of the given extended
diff --git a/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.cpp b/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.cpp
index 4be0af09ed2a..5a682c3156ec 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.cpp
+++ b/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.cpp
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ void IntlCalendarTest::runIndexedTest( int32_t index, UBool exec, const char* &n
     TESTCASE_AUTO(TestConsistencyIslamicUmalqura);
     TESTCASE_AUTO(TestConsistencyPersian);
     TESTCASE_AUTO(TestConsistencyJapanese);
+    TESTCASE_AUTO(TestIslamicUmalquraCalendarSlow);
     TESTCASE_AUTO_END;
 }
 
@@ -1122,6 +1123,18 @@ void IntlCalendarTest::checkConsistency(const char* locale) {
     }
 }
 
+void IntlCalendarTest::TestIslamicUmalquraCalendarSlow() {
+    IcuTestErrorCode status(*this, "TestIslamicUmalquraCalendarSlow");
+    Locale l("th@calendar=islamic-umalqura");
+    std::unique_ptr<Calendar> cal(
+        Calendar::createInstance(l, status));
+    cal->add(UCAL_YEAR, 1229080905, status);
+    cal->roll(UCAL_WEEK_OF_MONTH, 1499050699, status);
+    cal->fieldDifference(0.000000, UCAL_YEAR_WOY, status);
+    // Ignore the error
+    status.reset();
+}
+
 void IntlCalendarTest::simpleTest(const Locale& loc, const UnicodeString& expect, UDate expectDate, UErrorCode& status)
 {
     UnicodeString tmp;
diff --git a/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.h b/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.h
index a29f7b316bff..f01d6b16c17d 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.h
+++ b/icu4c/source/test/intltest/incaltst.h
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ class IntlCalendarTest: public CalendarTimeZoneTest {
     void TestConsistencyIslamicUmalqura();
     void TestConsistencyPersian();
     void TestConsistencyJapanese();
+    void TestIslamicUmalquraCalendarSlow();
 
  protected:
     // Test a Gregorian-Like calendar
diff --git a/icu4j/main/core/src/main/java/com/ibm/icu/util/Calendar.java b/icu4j/main/core/src/main/java/com/ibm/icu/util/Calendar.java
index 8459be6060b1..e915af13d6ce 100644
--- a/icu4j/main/core/src/main/java/com/ibm/icu/util/Calendar.java
+++ b/icu4j/main/core/src/main/java/com/ibm/icu/util/Calendar.java
@@ -6233,6 +6233,10 @@ protected int handleComputeJulianDay(int bestField) {
 
         internalSet(EXTENDED_YEAR, year);
 
+        if (year > Long.MAX_VALUE / 400) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("year is too large");
+        }
+
         int month = useMonth ? internalGetMonth(getDefaultMonthInYear(year)) : 0;
 
         // Get the Julian day of the day BEFORE the start of this year.
diff --git a/icu4j/main/core/src/test/java/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/calendar/CalendarRegressionTest.java b/icu4j/main/core/src/test/java/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/calendar/CalendarRegressionTest.java
index 2d0e07225abd..7c13f3917f9f 100644
--- a/icu4j/main/core/src/test/java/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/calendar/CalendarRegressionTest.java
+++ b/icu4j/main/core/src/test/java/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/calendar/CalendarRegressionTest.java
@@ -2710,5 +2710,17 @@ public void TestRespectUExtensionFw() { // ICU-22226
                     Calendar.getInstance(Locale.forLanguageTag(localeIds[i])).getFirstDayOfWeek());
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void TestIslamicUmalquraCalendarSlow() { // ICU-22513
+        Locale loc = new Locale("th@calendar=islamic-umalqura");
+        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(loc);
+        cal.clear();
+        cal.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1229080905);
+        cal.roll(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH, 1499050699);
+        cal.fieldDifference(new Date(0), Calendar.YEAR_WOY);
+
+    }
+
 }
 //eof