Add support of simple SQL distributed insert

[donhardman]

Proposal:

We currently support the following INSERT syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);

However, we don't support the simplified syntax where column names are omitted:

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2);

We need to implement functionality that will:

1. Retrieve the table's column names when they are not explicitly provided in the query
2. Continue supporting the standard INSERT syntax with explicit column names

This enhancement will allow both forms of INSERT syntax to work properly.

Checklist:

^{To be completed by the assignee. Check off tasks that have been completed or are not applicable.}

• Implementation completed
• Tests developed
• Documentation updated
• Documentation reviewed
• Changelog updated
• OpenAPI YAML updated and issue created to rebuild clients