diff --git a/java/com/google/re2j/Matcher.java b/java/com/google/re2j/Matcher.java
index 874955c7..678186d0 100644
--- a/java/com/google/re2j/Matcher.java
+++ b/java/com/google/re2j/Matcher.java
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ public final class Matcher {
   // The number of submatches (groups) in the pattern.
   private final int groupCount;
 
+  // The number of instructions in the pattern.
+  private final int numberOfInstructions;
+
   private MatcherInput matcherInput;
 
   // The input length in UTF16 codes.
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ private Matcher(Pattern pattern) {
     groupCount = re2.numberOfCapturingGroups();
     groups = new int[2 + 2 * groupCount];
     namedGroups = re2.namedGroups;
+    numberOfInstructions = re2.numberOfInstructions();
   }
 
   /** Creates a new {@code Matcher} with the given pattern and input. */
@@ -209,6 +213,20 @@ public int end(String group) {
     return end(g);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the program size of this pattern.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Similar to the C++ implementation, the program size is a very approximate measure of a regexp's
+   * "cost". Larger numbers are more expensive than smaller numbers.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return the program size of this pattern
+   */
+  public int programSize() {
+    return numberOfInstructions;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns the most recent match.
    *
diff --git a/java/com/google/re2j/Pattern.java b/java/com/google/re2j/Pattern.java
index f5883f53..dfe1bf18 100644
--- a/java/com/google/re2j/Pattern.java
+++ b/java/com/google/re2j/Pattern.java
@@ -300,6 +300,20 @@ public String toString() {
     return pattern;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the program size of this pattern.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Similar to the C++ implementation, the program size is a very approximate measure of a regexp's
+   * "cost". Larger numbers are more expensive than smaller numbers.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return the program size of this pattern
+   */
+  public int programSize() {
+    return re2.numberOfInstructions();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns the number of capturing groups in this matcher's pattern. Group zero denotes the entire
    * pattern and is excluded from this count.
diff --git a/java/com/google/re2j/RE2.java b/java/com/google/re2j/RE2.java
index c05fd3c3..46837354 100644
--- a/java/com/google/re2j/RE2.java
+++ b/java/com/google/re2j/RE2.java
@@ -209,6 +209,13 @@ int numberOfCapturingGroups() {
     return numSubexp;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of instructions in this compiled regular expression program.
+   */
+  int numberOfInstructions() {
+    return prog.numInst();
+  }
+
   // get() returns a machine to use for matching |this|.  It uses |this|'s
   // machine cache if possible, to avoid unnecessary allocation.
   Machine get() {
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/re2j/ApiTestUtils.java b/javatests/com/google/re2j/ApiTestUtils.java
index 7cf366d2..b38b656d 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/re2j/ApiTestUtils.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/re2j/ApiTestUtils.java
@@ -159,6 +159,27 @@ public static void testGroupCount(String pattern, int count) {
     assertEquals(count, mj.groupCount());
   }
 
+  // Tests that both RE2 Patterns and Matchers give the same groupCount.
+  public static void testProgramSize(String pattern, int expectedSize) {
+    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(pattern);
+
+    String input = "foo";
+    byte[] inputBytes = getUtf8Bytes(input);
+    Matcher m1 = p.matcher(input);
+    Matcher m2 = p.matcher(inputBytes);
+
+    Truth.assertWithMessage("Pattern(\"%s\") program size", p)
+        .that(p.programSize())
+        .isEqualTo(expectedSize);
+    Truth.assertWithMessage("Matcher(\"%s\", \"%s\") program size", m1.pattern(), input)
+        .that(m1.programSize())
+        .isEqualTo(expectedSize);
+    Truth.assertWithMessage(
+            "Matcher(\"%s\", %s) program size", m2.pattern(), Arrays.toString(inputBytes))
+        .that(m2.programSize())
+        .isEqualTo(expectedSize);
+  }
+
   public static void testGroup(String text, String regexp, String[] output) {
     // RE2
     Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regexp);
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/re2j/MatcherTest.java b/javatests/com/google/re2j/MatcherTest.java
index 3c2c00ef..4f24ae2e 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/re2j/MatcherTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/re2j/MatcherTest.java
@@ -94,8 +94,25 @@ public void testReplaceFirst() {
     ApiTestUtils.testReplaceFirst("aab", "a*?", "<$0>", "<>aab");
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testProgramSize() {
+    // It is a simple delegation, but still test it.
+    // More test cases are covered in PatternTest#testProgramSize.
+    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("go+d");
+    int programSize = pattern.programSize();
+    Truth.assertWithMessage("Pattern program size").that(programSize).isGreaterThan(1);
+    Truth.assertWithMessage("Positive matcher program size")
+        .that(pattern.matcher("good").programSize())
+        .isEqualTo(programSize);
+    Truth.assertWithMessage("Negative matcher program size")
+        .that(pattern.matcher("bad").programSize())
+        .isEqualTo(programSize);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void testGroupCount() {
+    // It is a simple delegation, but still test it.
+    // More test cases are covered in PatternTest#testGroupCount.
     ApiTestUtils.testGroupCount("(a)(b(c))d?(e)", 4);
   }
 
diff --git a/javatests/com/google/re2j/PatternTest.java b/javatests/com/google/re2j/PatternTest.java
index 9251a37b..8a4f897f 100644
--- a/javatests/com/google/re2j/PatternTest.java
+++ b/javatests/com/google/re2j/PatternTest.java
@@ -164,9 +164,21 @@ public void testSplit() {
     ApiTestUtils.testSplit(":", ":a::b", new String[] {"", "a", "", "b"});
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testProgramSize() {
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("", 3);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("a", 3);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("^", 3);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("^$", 4);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("a+b", 5);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("a+b?", 6);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("(a+b)", 7);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("a+b.*", 7);
+    ApiTestUtils.testProgramSize("(a+b?)", 8);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void testGroupCount() {
-    // It is a simple delegation, but still test it.
     ApiTestUtils.testGroupCount("(.*)ab(.*)a", 2);
     ApiTestUtils.testGroupCount("(.*)(ab)(.*)a", 3);
     ApiTestUtils.testGroupCount("(.*)((a)b)(.*)a", 4);