From ae8ef1fba47a3a7b1332f175a70427a531a33c5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2025 23:33:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] implemented `Out of Bound` stdlib example

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check  |  2 ++
 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..442c8f06d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Index Out of Bound
+a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a40338f16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module examples/pos/exception/out_of_bounds
+
+import exception
+
+def main() = {
+  
+  val str = "Hallo" 
+  charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) }
+  charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }
+
+}
+
+  def charOrOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
+    println(p().show)
+  }
\ No newline at end of file

From 9e02b585cbb086e2ea96c84e53c19fb2744214d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2025 23:43:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] implemented examples for `wrong_format` and restyled
 both tests

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt | 12 ++++++------
 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check   |  2 ++
 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt  | 15 +++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
index a40338f16..30ca442c6 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ module examples/pos/exception/out_of_bounds
 import exception
 
 def main() = {
-  
   val str = "Hallo" 
+
+  def charOrOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+  with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
+  println(p().show)
+  }
+
   charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) }
   charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }
-
 }
 
-  def charOrOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
-    println(p().show)
-  }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..898fb6ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Wrong Format
+99
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..616e25b6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module examples/pos/exception/wrong_format
+
+import exception
+
+def main() = {
+  def intOrWrongFormat { p: => Int / Exception[WrongFormat] }: Unit = {
+    with on[WrongFormat].default { println("Wrong Format") }
+    println(p().show)
+
+  }
+
+  intOrWrongFormat { "".toInt }
+  intOrWrongFormat { "99".toInt }
+}
+

From 847d189aba594edccd94139c430d76b19eb0a031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:00:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] added example for `MissingValue` Exception

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check  |  2 ++
 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e354e8af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Value is missing
+Valid value
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6480ad0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module examples/pos/exception/missing_value
+
+import exception
+
+def main() = {
+  def stringOrMissing { p: => String / Exception[MissingValue] }: Unit = {
+    with on[MissingValue].default { println("Value is missing") }
+    println(p().show)
+  }
+
+  stringOrMissing { missingValue() }
+  stringOrMissing { "Valid value" }
+}

From fe509db181c70e3fe8f8afcddfb259728595bb5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:24:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] examples for `runtime-error`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check |  3 +++
 .../stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt     | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64f0724bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Runtime error encountered
+Runtime error encountered
+No error, valid string
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..338020313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module examples/pos/exception/runtime_error
+
+import exception
+
+def main() = {
+  def valueOrRuntimeError { p: => String / Exception[RuntimeError] }: Unit = {
+    with on[RuntimeError].default { println("Runtime error encountered") }
+    println(p().show)
+  }
+  
+  def divByZero() : String = {
+    val zero : Double =  2.0 / 0.0
+    "bla bla bla"
+  }
+
+  valueOrRuntimeError { raise("This is a runtime error.") }
+  valueOrRuntimeError {  divByZero() }
+  valueOrRuntimeError { "No error, valid string" }
+}

From 771c23d077de1c1deae13f036e6699f2259f9ca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:35:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] validated runtime error

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check  | 1 -
 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt | 6 ------
 2 files changed, 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
index 64f0724bb..af9191d57 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 Runtime error encountered
-Runtime error encountered
 No error, valid string
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
index 338020313..5438572e4 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
@@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ def main() = {
     with on[RuntimeError].default { println("Runtime error encountered") }
     println(p().show)
   }
-  
-  def divByZero() : String = {
-    val zero : Double =  2.0 / 0.0
-    "bla bla bla"
-  }
 
   valueOrRuntimeError { raise("This is a runtime error.") }
-  valueOrRuntimeError {  divByZero() }
   valueOrRuntimeError { "No error, valid string" }
 }

From cd7cd3ceda5bff78e7efa47dc32b72f4a1d558cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <168542356+JakubSchwenkbeck@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:39:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] add missing indentation

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
index 30ca442c6..31f9ff2cf 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ def main() = {
   val str = "Hallo" 
 
   def charOrOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-  with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
-  println(p().show)
+    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
+    println(p().show)
   }
 
   charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) }

From 85d47a1f6597acecd09a8dd6462cdbeb8910d049 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 11:32:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] restarted with test/example for `default` and `ignore`
 combinators

---
 ...{out_of_bounds.check => combinators.check} |  1 +
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt  | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check |  2 --
 .../stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt     | 13 ----------
 .../stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt     | 16 ------------
 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check |  2 --
 .../stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt     | 13 ----------
 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check  |  2 --
 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt | 15 -----------
 9 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
 rename examples/stdlib/exception/{out_of_bounds.check => combinators.check} (90%)
 create mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
 delete mode 100644 examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
similarity index 90%
rename from examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check
rename to examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 442c8f06d..51b201766 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 Index Out of Bound
+a
 a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7a7aed29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module examples/pos/exception/combinators
+
+import exception
+
+def main() = {
+  val str = "Hallo"
+
+  // Test for default handling of OutOfBoundsException
+  def defaultOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
+    println(p().show)
+  }
+
+  defaultOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Index Out of Bound
+  defaultOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // a
+
+  // Test for ignoring OutOfBoundsException
+  def ignoreOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    with on[OutOfBounds].ignore();
+    println(p().show) // This will not raise the exception as it will be ignored
+  }
+  
+  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // This will ignore the OutOfBoundsException
+  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // 'a'
+}
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e354e8af..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.check
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Value is missing
-Valid value
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt
deleted file mode 100644
index d6480ad0c..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/missing_value.effekt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-module examples/pos/exception/missing_value
-
-import exception
-
-def main() = {
-  def stringOrMissing { p: => String / Exception[MissingValue] }: Unit = {
-    with on[MissingValue].default { println("Value is missing") }
-    println(p().show)
-  }
-
-  stringOrMissing { missingValue() }
-  stringOrMissing { "Valid value" }
-}
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
deleted file mode 100644
index 31f9ff2cf..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/out_of_bounds.effekt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-module examples/pos/exception/out_of_bounds
-
-import exception
-
-def main() = {
-  val str = "Hallo" 
-
-  def charOrOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
-    println(p().show)
-  }
-
-  charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) }
-  charOrOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }
-}
-
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
deleted file mode 100644
index af9191d57..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.check
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Runtime error encountered
-No error, valid string
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5438572e4..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/runtime_error.effekt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-module examples/pos/exception/runtime_error
-
-import exception
-
-def main() = {
-  def valueOrRuntimeError { p: => String / Exception[RuntimeError] }: Unit = {
-    with on[RuntimeError].default { println("Runtime error encountered") }
-    println(p().show)
-  }
-
-  valueOrRuntimeError { raise("This is a runtime error.") }
-  valueOrRuntimeError { "No error, valid string" }
-}
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
deleted file mode 100644
index 898fb6ee2..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.check
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Wrong Format
-99
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt
deleted file mode 100644
index 616e25b6f..000000000
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/wrong_format.effekt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-module examples/pos/exception/wrong_format
-
-import exception
-
-def main() = {
-  def intOrWrongFormat { p: => Int / Exception[WrongFormat] }: Unit = {
-    with on[WrongFormat].default { println("Wrong Format") }
-    println(p().show)
-
-  }
-
-  intOrWrongFormat { "".toInt }
-  intOrWrongFormat { "99".toInt }
-}
-

From bf2a1a7f847c64c7ad7a75cafa3210ca5ea1b0c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 12:49:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] implemented test for combinator `report`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  |  2 ++
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 13 ++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 51b201766..2eb7ab5be 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 Index Out of Bound
 a
+a
+Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
 a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index c7a7aed29..96e432f12 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -21,5 +21,16 @@ def main() = {
   }
   
   ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // This will ignore the OutOfBoundsException
-  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // 'a'
+  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // a
+
+// Test for reporting OutOfBoundsException
+  def reportOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    with on[OutOfBounds].report();
+      println(p().show) // If an exception occurs, it will be reported to the console
+    
+  }
+
+  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Will report: "Index out of bounds"
+  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }  // Will print: "a"
+  
 }

From 0bcc826d6403f22a83996bcbf43e84ffc2c5c16b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 13:12:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] first draft of finalize - throws `main cannot have
 effects`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 22 +++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 96e432f12..893851f2b 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -17,20 +17,32 @@ def main() = {
   // Test for ignoring OutOfBoundsException
   def ignoreOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
     with on[OutOfBounds].ignore();
-    println(p().show) // This will not raise the exception as it will be ignored
+    println(p().show) 
   }
   
   ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // This will ignore the OutOfBoundsException
   ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // a
 
-// Test for reporting OutOfBoundsException
+  // Test for reporting OutOfBoundsException
   def reportOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
     with on[OutOfBounds].report();
-      println(p().show) // If an exception occurs, it will be reported to the console
+    println(p().show) 
     
   }
 
-  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Will report: "Index out of bounds"
-  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }  // Will print: "a"
+  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
+  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }  // a
+
+  
+  /*def finalizeOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    with on[OutOfBounds].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
+    println(p().show) 
+    
   
+  }
+
+  finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Finalizer executed \n a
+  finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // Finalizer will execute even without exception
+  */
+  //!! This somehow causes : Main cannot have effects, but includes effects: { Exception[OutOfBounds] }
 }

From 1407440eafa1cb91383b174dfbb42b63f6a78cf5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 13:23:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] implemented `finalizer`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  |  5 ++++-
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 15 +++++++--------
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 2eb7ab5be..5674c187e 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -2,4 +2,7 @@ Index Out of Bound
 a
 a
 Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
-a
\ No newline at end of file
+a
+Finalizer executed
+a
+Finalizer executed
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 893851f2b..4f5847332 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -33,16 +33,15 @@ def main() = {
   reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
   reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }  // a
 
-  
-  /*def finalizeOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
-    println(p().show) 
-    
-  
+  // Test for finalizing OutOfBoundsException
+  def finalizeOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+    try {
+      with on[OutOfBounds].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
+      println(p().show) // Run the operation that might throw an exception
+    } with Exception[OutOfBounds] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
   }
 
   finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Finalizer executed \n a
   finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // Finalizer will execute even without exception
-  */
-  //!! This somehow causes : Main cannot have effects, but includes effects: { Exception[OutOfBounds] }
+  
 }

From 30da4eb382e23ba0b944f915ffbba46183f20226 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 15:39:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] first draft of implementation with independet
 `TestException`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  | 14 ++---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 57 +++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 5674c187e..06d611ba2 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-Index Out of Bound
-a
-a
-Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
-a
-Finalizer executed
-a
+Exception handled by default combinator
+World
+World
+Test Exception.
+World
 Finalizer executed
+World
+Finalizer executed
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 4f5847332..9726a3d5f 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -1,47 +1,52 @@
 module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 
 import exception
+/**
+ * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
+ */
+record TestException()
+
+def testException(): Nothing / Exception[TestException] =
+  do raise(TestException(), "Test Exception.")
+
 
-def main() = {
-  val str = "Hallo"
 
-  // Test for default handling of OutOfBoundsException
-  def defaultOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].default { println("Index Out of Bound") }
+def main() = {
+  // Test for default handling of Test Exception
+  def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
+    with on[TestException].default { println("Exception handled by default combinator") }
     println(p().show)
   }
 
-  defaultOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Index Out of Bound
-  defaultOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // a
+  defaultTestException { testException() } // Exception
+  defaultTestException { "World" } // World
 
-  // Test for ignoring OutOfBoundsException
-  def ignoreOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].ignore();
+  // Test for ignoring TestExceptionException
+  def ignoreTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
+    with on[TestException].ignore();
     println(p().show) 
   }
-  
-  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // This will ignore the OutOfBoundsException
-  ignoreOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // a
 
-  // Test for reporting OutOfBoundsException
-  def reportOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
-    with on[OutOfBounds].report();
+  ignoreTestException { testException() } // ignored
+  ignoreTestException { "World" } // World
+
+  // Test for reporting TestExceptionException
+  def reportTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
+    with on[TestException].report();
     println(p().show) 
-    
   }
 
-  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
-  reportOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) }  // a
+  reportTestException { testException() } // Test Exception.
+  reportTestException { "World" }  // World
 
-  // Test for finalizing OutOfBoundsException
-  def finalizeOutOfBounds { p: => Char / Exception[OutOfBounds] }: Unit = {
+  // Test for finalizing TestExceptionException
+  def finalizeTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     try {
-      with on[OutOfBounds].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
+      with on[TestException].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
       println(p().show) // Run the operation that might throw an exception
-    } with Exception[OutOfBounds] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
+    } with Exception[TestException] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
   }
 
-  finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(10) } // Finalizer executed \n a
-  finalizeOutOfBounds { str.charAt(1) } // Finalizer will execute even without exception
-  
+  finalizeTestException { testException() } // Finalizer executed with exception
+  finalizeTestException { "World" } // World + Finalizer will execute even without exception
 }

From d527f67582286fd1ba2e6fd691b0395f234310a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 20:22:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] first approach for adressing llvm fails

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 9726a3d5f..affd72bcf 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 
 import exception
+
 /**
  * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
  */
@@ -11,11 +12,11 @@ def testException(): Nothing / Exception[TestException] =
 
 
 
-def main() = {
+def main() : Unit = {
   // Test for default handling of Test Exception
   def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     with on[TestException].default { println("Exception handled by default combinator") }
-    println(p().show)
+    println(p().show) 
   }
 
   defaultTestException { testException() } // Exception
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ def main() = {
     try {
       with on[TestException].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
       println(p().show) // Run the operation that might throw an exception
-    } with Exception[TestException] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
+    } with exc : Exception[TestException] { def exc::raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
   }
 
   finalizeTestException { testException() } // Finalizer executed with exception

From 9df0aae7d4ae97c1df35cb5b664b55e8fbc2f97c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 22:59:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] reworked combinators to an independent and general
 design

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 50 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index affd72bcf..a2b1a2395 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -1,53 +1,55 @@
 module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 
 import exception
-
-/**
- * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
- */
 record TestException()
 
-def testException(): Nothing / Exception[TestException] =
-  do raise(TestException(), "Test Exception.")
 
+def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException] =
+  if (index > 1)
+    do raise(TestException(), "TestException with index :" ++ show(index) )
+  else
+    str
 
+def main() = {
+  val str = "Hallo"
 
-def main() : Unit = {
-  // Test for default handling of Test Exception
+  // Test for default handling of TestException
   def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
-    with on[TestException].default { println("Exception handled by default combinator") }
-    println(p().show) 
+    with on[TestException].default { println("default handled TestException") }
+    println(p().show)
   }
 
-  defaultTestException { testException() } // Exception
-  defaultTestException { "World" } // World
+  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // 
+  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // a
 
-  // Test for ignoring TestExceptionException
+  // Test for ignoring TestException
   def ignoreTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     with on[TestException].ignore();
     println(p().show) 
   }
+  
+  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // This will ignore the TestException
+  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // a
 
-  ignoreTestException { testException() } // ignored
-  ignoreTestException { "World" } // World
-
-  // Test for reporting TestExceptionException
+  // Test for reporting TestException
   def reportTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     with on[TestException].report();
     println(p().show) 
+    
   }
 
-  reportTestException { testException() } // Test Exception.
-  reportTestException { "World" }  // World
+  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
+  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(1) }  // a
 
-  // Test for finalizing TestExceptionException
+  // Test for finalizing TestException
   def finalizeTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     try {
       with on[TestException].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
       println(p().show) // Run the operation that might throw an exception
-    } with exc : Exception[TestException] { def exc::raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
+    } with Exception[TestException] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
   }
 
-  finalizeTestException { testException() } // Finalizer executed with exception
-  finalizeTestException { "World" } // World + Finalizer will execute even without exception
-}
+  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // Finalizer executed \n a
+  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Finalizer will execute even without exception
+  
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 5bf66803e9f25a16b2f6a94fb9c8a93130ab2ca9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 23:17:23 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] refined naming and output prints, added comments and
 fixed style

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  | 16 ++++----
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 41 ++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 06d611ba2..0b676b1b5 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-Exception handled by default combinator
-World
-World
-Test Exception.
-World
-Finalizer executed
-World
-Finalizer executed
\ No newline at end of file
+Test: Default Handling
+hello
+hello
+Error: Invalid index (0)
+hello
+Test: Finalizer
+hello
+Test: Finalizer
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index a2b1a2395..fd35b20a8 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -1,26 +1,33 @@
 module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 
 import exception
-record TestException()
 
+/**
+ * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
+ */
+record TestException()
 
-def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException] =
-  if (index > 1)
-    do raise(TestException(), "TestException with index :" ++ show(index) )
+/**
+ * Returns the string if index > 0; otherwise raises a TestException.
+ */
+def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException] = {
+  if (index <= 0)
+    do raise(TestException(), "Error: Invalid index (" ++ show(index) ++ ")")
   else
     str
+}
 
 def main() = {
-  val str = "Hallo"
+  val str = "hello"
 
   // Test for default handling of TestException
   def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
-    with on[TestException].default { println("default handled TestException") }
+    with on[TestException].default { println("Test: Default Handling") }
     println(p().show)
   }
 
-  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // 
-  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // a
+  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Test: Default Handling
+  defaultTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // hello
 
   // Test for ignoring TestException
   def ignoreTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
@@ -28,8 +35,8 @@ def main() = {
     println(p().show) 
   }
   
-  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // This will ignore the TestException
-  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // a
+  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // *ignores the TestException*
+  ignoreTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // hello
 
   // Test for reporting TestException
   def reportTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
@@ -38,18 +45,18 @@ def main() = {
     
   }
 
-  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // Index out of bounds: 10 in string: 'Hallo'
-  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(1) }  // a
+  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Error: Invalid index (0)
+  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // hello
 
   // Test for finalizing TestException
   def finalizeTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     try {
-      with on[TestException].finalize { println("Finalizer executed") }
-      println(p().show) // Run the operation that might throw an exception
-    } with Exception[TestException] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } // Ignore the exception
+      with on[TestException].finalize { println("Test: Finalizer") }
+      println(p().show) 
+    } with Exception[TestException] { def raise(exception, msg) = () } 
   }
 
-  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(10) } // Finalizer executed \n a
-  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Finalizer will execute even without exception
+  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Test: Finalizer
+  finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Test: Finalizer hello
   
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From e67cad85d53070ce027996208f87d4b5153a12b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 23:29:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] added `: String` and fixed whitespaces

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  | 1 +
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 0b676b1b5..4a6d49331 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ Test: Default Handling
 hello
 hello
 Error: Invalid index (0)
+Error: Invalid index (-1)
 hello
 Test: Finalizer
 hello
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index fd35b20a8..4c578c4d8 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException]
 }
 
 def main() = {
-  val str = "hello"
+  val str : String = "hello"
 
   // Test for default handling of TestException
   def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ def main() = {
   def reportTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
     with on[TestException].report();
     println(p().show) 
-    
   }
 
   reportTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Error: Invalid index (0)
+  reportTestException { str.generalOperation(-1) }// Error: Invalid index (-1)
   reportTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // hello
 
   // Test for finalizing TestException

From 93b6225d85478b0a5bc42cdd7dc379e40af422b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 23:59:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] implemen test for `reifying` an Exception using
 `Result`

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check  |  4 +++-
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
index 4a6d49331..41969b94c 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.check
@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ Error: Invalid index (-1)
 hello
 Test: Finalizer
 hello
-Test: Finalizer
\ No newline at end of file
+Test: Finalizer
+Error: Invalid index (0)
+Success: hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 4c578c4d8..8d8e3ca56 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 
 import exception
+import result
 
 /**
  * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
@@ -59,4 +60,16 @@ def main() = {
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Test: Finalizer
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Test: Finalizer hello
   
+  // Test for "reifying" an Exception using Result
+  def resultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
+    val res= result[String, TestException](on[TestException]) { p() }
+    res match {
+      case Success(msg) => println("Success: " ++ msg) 
+      case Error(exc, msg) => println(msg)
+    }
+  }
+
+  resultTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Error: Invalid index (0)
+  resultTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Success: hello
+
 }
\ No newline at end of file

From e573723616299b406007835a0c18430802e79211 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2025 14:19:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] adress style knitpicks:)

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 16 +++++++---------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index 8d8e3ca56..ee44dd791 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ module examples/pos/exception/combinators
 import exception
 import result
 
-/**
- * Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
- */
+
+/// Used as a type for `Exception` purely for independent testing
 record TestException()
 
-/**
- * Returns the string if index > 0; otherwise raises a TestException.
- */
+
+/// Returns the string if index > 0; otherwise raises a TestException.
 def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException] = {
   if (index <= 0)
     do raise(TestException(), "Error: Invalid index (" ++ show(index) ++ ")")
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ def generalOperation(str: String, index: Int): String / Exception[TestException]
 }
 
 def main() = {
-  val str : String = "hello"
+  val str: String = "hello"
 
   // Test for default handling of TestException
   def defaultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
@@ -60,9 +58,9 @@ def main() = {
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Test: Finalizer
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Test: Finalizer hello
   
-  // Test for "reifying" an Exception using Result
+  // Test for "reifying" an Exception usix^xng Result
   def resultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
-    val res= result[String, TestException](on[TestException]) { p() }
+    val res= result[String, TestException] { p() }
     res match {
       case Success(msg) => println("Success: " ++ msg) 
       case Error(exc, msg) => println(msg)

From b9c03c7031613262dcbbaaac80d7b2e1e369d5cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakub <jakub@schwenkbeck.de>
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2025 14:23:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] fixed typo

---
 examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
index ee44dd791..cc1be1a80 100644
--- a/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
+++ b/examples/stdlib/exception/combinators.effekt
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ def main() = {
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(0) } // Test: Finalizer
   finalizeTestException { str.generalOperation(1) } // Test: Finalizer hello
   
-  // Test for "reifying" an Exception usix^xng Result
+  // Test for "reifying" an Exception using Result
   def resultTestException { p: => String / Exception[TestException] }: Unit = {
-    val res= result[String, TestException] { p() }
+    val res = result[String, TestException] { p() }
     res match {
       case Success(msg) => println("Success: " ++ msg) 
       case Error(exc, msg) => println(msg)